Estey Organ 46 X 44 Trial Buildings Stands
3 90 Stumpp and Walter Co 46 116493.High above Brattleboro village, a row of seven nearly identical industrial buildings stands as a reminder that the town was once a world center for organ manufacturing.
In recent years, multiple owners have worked to preserve the striking industrial complex for mixed storage, office, retail, and residential use. Estey bought out his partners and, after fires and a flood destroyed several early works, relocated the plant here and founded the district known as Esteyville. He aligned six nearly identical three-story, gable-front mill buildings overlooking the town in 18, and in 1872–1873 added two additional, matching structures.
For other uses, see Sex (disambiguation).Sex is a trait that determines an individual's reproductive function, male or female, in animals and plants that propagate their species through sexual reproduction. For the act, see Sexual intercourse. Agricultural Society, the fire premium was awarded to the Estey Organ.This article is about sex in sexually reproducing organisms. Great Organ (Manual II) 61 notes, enclosedWiestnutbill 46 14 39 27 87 90 170 31 233 Jackson Stroud Joor taxes ou seated.
During sexual reproduction, male and female gametes fuse to form zygotes that develop into offspring that inherit a selection of the traits of each parent.Males and females of a species may be similar (sexual monomorphism), or have physical differences ( sexual dimorphism). Organisms that produce both types of gametes are called hermaphrodites. Commonly in plants and animals, male organisms produce smaller gametes (spermatozoa, sperm) while female organisms produce larger gametes ( ova, often called egg cells).
Other chromosomal sex-determination systems in animals include the ZW system in birds, and the X0 system in insects. Sex is genetically determined in most mammals by the XY sex-determination system, where male mammals carry an X and a Y chromosome (XY), whereas female mammals carry two X chromosomes (XX). If there are instead functional differences between gametes, such as in fungi, they may be referred to as mating types. For instance, mate choice and sexual selection can accelerate the evolution of physical differences between the sexes.The terms male and female typically do not apply in sexually undifferentiated species in which the individuals are isomorphic (look the same) and the gametes are isogamous (indistinguishable in size and shape), such as the green alga Ulva lactuca.
Individuals that exclusively produce large gametes are females, and those that exclusively produce small gametes are males. Isogamy is very common in unicellular organisms while anisogamy is common in multicellular organisms. Oogamy is an extreme example of anisogamy, in which a large, non-motile gamete is fused with a smaller, usually motile one. Crossing over to make new recombinant chromosomes and fertilization (the fusion of two gametes) result in the new organism containing a different set of genetic traits from either parent.Gametes may be externally similar ( isogamy) or may differ in size and other aspects ( anisogamy). This process is followed by a mitotic division, producing haploid gametes that contain one set of chromosomes.
: 73, 74In the life-cycle of plants and multicellular algae, diploid and haploid multicellular phases alternate. Some hermaphroditic plants are self-fertile, but plants have evolved multiple different mechanisms to avoid self-fertilization, involving sequential hermaphroditism (dichogamy), self-incompatibility or morphological mechanisms such as heterostyly ( herkogamy). Some hermaphrodite animals such as Helix pomatia and Cepaea cannot self-fertilize. Some hermaphrodites such as the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans are able to self-fertilize and produce offspring on their own, without a second organism.
A spermatozoon, produced in vertebrates within the testes, is a small cell containing a single long flagellum which propels it. Animals have two gamete types: male spermatozoa (sperm) and female ova (egg cells). AnimalsSexually reproducing animals are diploid, and their single-celled gametes are the only haploid cells in their life cycles.
MammalsIn mammals the female reproductive tract, called the vagina, connects with the uterus, an organ which directly supports the development of a fertilized embryo within, a process called gestation. Intromittent organs are the male copulation organs which help transport of sperm. All animals that live outside of water use internal fertilization to transfer sperm directly into the female, thereby preventing the gametes from drying up. In oviparous species such as birds, the fertilized egg cell or zygote is provided with yolk, a nutrient supply which supports the development of the embryo.
Aquatic animalsIn the green seaweed genus Ulva, there is no sexual specialization among the isomorphic individual plants, their sexual organs, or their isogamous gametes. Male and female birds touch cloacae to transfer sperm, a process called "cloacal kissing". Instead in most birds, both excretion and reproduction are done through a single posterior opening called the cloaca. BirdsIn 97% of bird species, males do not have a penis. In Marsupials and placental mammals the fertilized egg develops within the female, receiving nutrition directly from its mother via a specialized organ called the placenta. The penis contains a tube through which semen (a fluid containing sperm) travels.
Once their pollen is delivered to the stigma of flowering plants, or the micropyle of gymnosperm ovules, their gametes are delivered to the egg cell by means of pollen tubes produced by one of the cells of the microgametophyte. Seed plants other than Cycads and Ginkgo have lost flagella entirely and are unable to swim in water. They are motile, able to swim to the egg cells of female gametophyte plants in films of water. The male gametes are the only cells in plants and green algae that have flagella.
: 175 ConifersFlowers contain the sexual organs of flowering plants. Once the egg cells are fertilized by male gametes produced by pollen, the ovules develop into seeds which contain the nutrients necessary for the initial development of the embryonic plant. The female gametes (egg cells) of seed plants are produced by larger megagametophytes contained within ovules. These animals transport the pollen as they move to other flowers, which also contain female reproductive organs, resulting in cross-pollination.In seed plants, male gametes are produced by extremely reduced multicellular microgametophytes known as pollen. Plants attract insects such as bees or larger animals such as humming birds and bats with flowers containing rewards of nectar or resin. Other plants, such as orchids, have heavier, sticky pollen that is specialized for zoophily, transportation by animals.
When a pollen grain lands upon the stigma on top of a carpel's style, it germinates to produce a pollen tube that grows down through the tissues of the style into the carpel, where it delivers male gamete nuclei to fertilize the egg cell in an ovule that eventually develops into a seed. Within the ovary are ovules, which contain haploid megagametophytes that produce egg cells. Carpels consist of an ovary, a style and a stigma. The female parts in the flower, are the pistils, composed of one or more carpels. The male parts of the flower are the stamens, which consist of the filaments supporting the anthers that produce the pollen.
0 kommentar(er)
